3 way canada goose clearance task, where the system is required to classify the student answer according to one of the following judgments:This task can be cast as a form of recognizing textual entailment (Nielsen et al., 2008). However, educational domains present canada goose outlet nyc additional challenges. The text produced by students is often ill formed and contains canada goose outlet new york city many typos and grammar mistakes, and often contains domain terminology that is rare in common training data sets. Collecting and annotating data sets for every new subject domain is expensive. Thus, the task is canada goose factory sale likely to require adapting existing approaches trained on large amounts of out of domain data to a new domain based on a small amount of in domain training data, and implementing methods to deal with irregularities found in (typed) student input.The Beetle dataset, which is a set of transcripts of students canada goose outlet store interacting Canada Goose Parka with an intelligent tutorial dialogue system for teaching conceptual knowledge in the basic electricity and electronics domain (Dzikovska et al., 2010). The system canada goose outlet sale is based on a course developed by instructional psychologists, centered around canada goose factory outlet asking explanations questions. 73 different explanation questions asked by the system, with up to 75 student answers recorded for every question (some answers are repeated, so the actual count of unique answers will be lower for many questions). The answers were produced by students canada goose outlet uk sale without prior knowledge of the domain participating Canada Goose online in the dialogue system evaluation. Each question is associated with 1 to 10 different acceptable answers provided by experienced human tutors (Dzikovska et al., 2008). The availability of a range of answers is intended to reduce problems caused by difficult common sense inferences. The answers cover two topics in the domain: Canada Goose Outlet closed paths in series/parallel circuits, and using voltage to find faults in series circuits (Dzikovska et al., 2010).The Science Entailments corpus (SciEntsBank) is based on the fine grained annotations for constructed responses to science assessment questions by Nielsen at al. (2008), which were automatically mapped to the 5 way labels as described in (Dzikovska, Nielsen and Brew; 2010). The original fine grained annotation set consits of 287 constructed response questions taken from the FOSS assessments, a proven science education system that has been in use across the United States and elsewhere for over a decade (FOSS, Berkeley, Lawrence Hall of Science, 2005). These questions had expected responses ranging in length from moderately short verb phrases to several sentences and could be assessed objectively. The answers were labelled on sub sentence level to identify specific concepts and relationships covered or contradicted by the answers. The fine grained labels were then automatically mapped into the task labels, and some questions unsuitable for the task filtered out. The automatic labelling is somewhat noisy, but should be sufficient goose outlet canada for training purposes. The test data will be additionally hand checked to ensure consistency. The complete list of modules involved, and examples of representative questions and student answers can be found in Nielsen et al.(2008). The mapping and filtering procedure is described in (Dzikovska, Nielsen and Brew, 2010). The systems submitted will be evaluated under 3 scenarios:Unseen topics: the complete set of questions and answers from 3 science modules that will not be canada goose outlet store uk included in the training data (filtered in cheap canada goose the same way as the training set). These questions and student answers will be used as a domain independent test set of topics not seen in the training data.Unseen questions: all student answers to 1 to 2 randomly selected questions from each of the modules forming the training set will he https://www.nationaalzweminstituuteindhoven.nl held out as the second test data set. It will provide a test of the system performance on new questions within the same set of domains.Unseen answers: additionally, 4 randomly selected learner answers to each of the questions in the training set will be withheld to form canada goose store the "unseen answers" test set. It will serve as test data for system performance on the same questions as contained in the training set.Beetle training data set contains 47 questions official canada goose outlet with about 4000 student answers. Since Beetle corpus is based on a single domain (basic electricity and electronics), and contains a smaller number of questions, it will only be tested in the "unseen questions" and "unseen answers" scenaris. 9 questions (with approximately 800 student answers), plus additional 400 answer to previously seen canada goose outlet uk questions, have been retained for use as test data.Previous work on student answer assessment for canada goose outlet jackets canada goose uk outlet intelligent tutoring systems used LSA (Graesser et al., 2007), classifiers based on canada goose outlet "bag of words" features (Jordan et al., 2004), and graph matching (McCarthy et al., 2008) to determine if a student answer corresponds to one of the expected correct or incorrect answers anticipated by a system designer. However, such approaches place an additional burden on people to anticipate and write down all possible partial and incorrect answers, and therefore make language processing in such systems difficult to port to new questions or domains. Moreover, such approaches tend to Canada Goose sale work best on sentences that use low frequency words (Graesser et al., 2007), and are sensitive to negation and elided context from the question (Graesser et al., 2007, Jordan et al., 2004).More recently, Nielsen et al. For the proposed task these annotations will be converted to the five answer level categories discussed previously.